The over voltages on a power system may be broadly divided into two main categories: 1. Internal causes (i) Switching surges (ii) Insulation failure (iii) Arcing ground (iv) Resonance 2. External causes i.e. lightning Internal causes do not produce surges of large magnitude. Experience shows that surges due to internal causes hardly increase the system voltage twice the normal value. Generally, surges due to internal causes are taken care of by providing proper insulation to the equipment in the power system. But surges due to lightning are very severe and may increase the system voltage to several the normal value. If the equipment in the power system is not protected against lightning surges, these surges may cause considerable damage. \ INTERNAL CAUSES OF OVERVOLTAGES Internal causes read more

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