The constituents of a hydro electric plant are Hydraulic Structures Water Turbines Electrical Equipments 1)Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic structures in a hydro electric power station include dam ,spilways,head works,surge tank,penstock and accessory works. a) Dam A dam is a barrier which stores water and creates water head.Dams are built of concrete or stone masonary,earth or rock fill.This type and arrangements depend upon the topography of the site.A masonary dam may be built on a narrow canyon.An earth dam may be best suited for a wide valley.The type of dam also depends upon the foundation conditions,local material and transportations available,oocurance of earth quakes and other hazards.at most of sites more than one type of dam is suitable and the one which is most economical is read more

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Some point that should be given importance while selecting a site for Hydro-electric power stationis given below. 1) Availabilty of Water Since the primary requirement for a hydro electric power station ,is the availability of huge amount of water such plants should be built at a place(eg.river,canal)where adequate water is available at a good head. 2) Storage of Water There are wide variations in water supply from a river or canal during the year.This makes its necessary to store water by constructing a dam inorder to ensure the generation of power through out the year.The storage helps in equalising the flow of water so that any excess quantity of water at a certain period of the year can be made available during times of very low flow in the river.This leads to the conclusion that read more

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Although the hydro-electric power station does the purpose of converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy it requires much arrangements for proper working and efficiency.The schematic arrangement of a modern hydro-electric plant is shown below. The dam is constructed across a river,lake or any other water body.Water from the catchment area collects at the back of the dam to form reservoir.A pressure tunnel is taken off from the reservoir and water brought to valve house at the start of penstock.The valve house contains main sluice valves and automatic isolating valves.The former controls the water flow to the power house and the latter cuts off the water supply when the penstock bursts.from the valve house,water is taken to water turbine through a huge steel pipe known as read more

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A generating station which utililises the potential energy of water at high level to produce electrical energy is called Hydro-electric Power Station. Hydro-electric power stations are built on hilly areas where large dams can be built and could obtain huge water reservoirs.In hydro-electric power station water head is obtained by constructing a dam across water sources or streams like rivers,lakes etc.From the dam water is led to water turbine which converts the energy from falling water ie the hydraulic or potential energy into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft.The turbine drives the alternator which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.The importance of Hydro-electric substation is increasing everyday since the fuel reserves such as coal,diesel etc are fastly read more

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