electricalandelectronics.org » Power Plant

Selection of site for Nuclear Power Plant

arjun — Thu, 02 Oct 2008 12:20:51 +0000

The following points should be kept in view while selecting the site for a nuclear power station (i)Availabilty of Water As sufficient of water is required for the cooling purposes,therefore the plant site should be located where ample quantity of water is available. (ii) Disposal of Waste The waste produced by fission in nuclear power staiton is generally radio active which must be disposed off properly to avoid health hazards.The waste should either be burried in a deep trunch or disposed off in a sea quite away from the sea shore.Therefore the site selected for such a plant should have adequate arrangement for the disposal of radio active waste. (iii)Distance from populated areas The site selected for a nuclear power station should be quite away from the populated areas as there is read more

Schematic Arrangement of Nuclear Power Plant

arjun — Thu, 02 Oct 2008 12:04:11 +0000

The schematic arrangement of a nuclear power station is shown below. The whole arrangement can be divided into following main stages. (i)Nuclear Reactor (ii)Heat Exchanger (iii)Steam Turbine (iv)Alternator (i)Nuclear Reactor It is an apparatus in which nuclear fuel(U235)is subjected to nuclear fission.It controls the chain reaction that starts once the fusion is done.If the chain reaction is not controlled,the result will be an explosion due to the fast increase in the energy released. A nuclear reactor is a cylindrical stout pressure vessel and houses fuel rods of Uranium moderator and control rods.The fuel rods constitute the fission materials and release huge amount of energy when bombarded with slow moving neutrons.The moderator consists of graphite rods which enclose the fuel read more

Schematic Arrangement of Gas Turbine Power Plant

arjun — Wed, 01 Oct 2008 18:30:48 +0000

The schematic arrangement of a gas turbine power plant is shown in figure.The main components of plants are (i)Compressor (ii)Regenerator (iii)Combustion Chamber (iv)Gas Turbine (v)Alternator (vi) Starting motor (i)Compressor The compressor used in the plant is generally of rotatory type.The air at atmospheric pressure is drawn by the compressor via the filter which removes the dust from the air.The rotatory blades of the compressor push the air between stationary blades to raise its pressure.Thus air at high pressure is available at the output of the compressor. (ii)Regenerator A regenerator is a device which recovers heat from the the exhaust gases of the turbine.The exhaust is passed through the regenerator before wasting to atmosphere.A regenerator consists of a nest of tubes read more

Gas Turbine Power Plant

arjun — Wed, 01 Oct 2008 18:07:04 +0000

A generating station which employs gas turbine as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy is known as a gas turbine power plant. In a gas turnine power plant,air is used as the working fluid.The air is compressed by the compressor is lead to the combustion chamber where heat is added to air,thus raising its temperature.Heat is added to the compressed air either by burning fuel in the chamber or by the use of air heaters.The hot and high pressure air from the combustion chamber is then passed to the gas turbine where it expands and does the mechanical work.The gas turbine drives the alternator which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. It may be mentioned here that compressor,gas turbine and the alternator are mounted on the same shaft so that a part of read more

Nuclear Power Plant

arjun — Sun, 28 Sep 2008 17:21:59 +0000

A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is known as a nuclear power station In nuclear power station, heavy elements such as Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) are subjected to nuclear fission in a special apparatus known as a reactor. The heat energy thus released is utilised in raising steam at high temperature and pressure. The steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy. The turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The most important feature of a nuclear power station is that huge amount of electrical energy can be produced from a relatively small amount of nuclear fuel as compared to other conventional types of power stations. It has been found that complete read more

Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Power Plant

arjun — Thu, 25 Sep 2008 18:18:47 +0000

i.Fuel supply system. It consists of storage tank, strainers, fuel transfer pump and all day fuel tank. The fuel oil is supplied at the plant site by rail or road. The oil is stored in the storage tank. From the storage tank, oil is pumped to smaller all day tank at daily or short intervals. From this tank, fuel oil is passed through strainers to remove suspended impurities. The clean oil is injected into the engine by fuel injection pump. ii.Air intake system. This system supplies necessary air to the engine for fuel combustion. It consists of pipes for the supply of fresh air to the engine manifold. Filters are provided to remove dust particles from air which may act as abrasive in the engine cylinder. iii.Exhaust system. This system leads the engine exhaust gas outside the building read more

Diesel Power Plant

arjun — Thu, 25 Sep 2008 17:29:38 +0000

A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy is known as diesel power station In a diesel power station, diesel engine is used as the prime mover. The diesel burns inside the engine and the products of this combustion act as the working fluid to produce mechanical energy. The diesel engine drives alternator the which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. As thegerneration cost is considerable due to high price of diesel, therefore, such power stations are only used to produce small power. Although steam power stations and hydro-electric plants are invariably used to generate bulk power at cheaper costs,yet diesel power stations are finding favour at places where demand of power is less,sufficient quantity of read more

Constituents of Hydro Electric Plant

arjun — Wed, 24 Sep 2008 13:32:44 +0000

The constituents of a hydro electric plant are Hydraulic Structures Water Turbines Electrical Equipments 1)Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic structures in a hydro electric power station include dam ,spilways,head works,surge tank,penstock and accessory works. a) Dam A dam is a barrier which stores water and creates water head.Dams are built of concrete or stone masonary,earth or rock fill.This type and arrangements depend upon the topography of the site.A masonary dam may be built on a narrow canyon.An earth dam may be best suited for a wide valley.The type of dam also depends upon the foundation conditions,local material and transportations available,oocurance of earth quakes and other hazards.at most of sites more than one type of dam is suitable and the one which is most economical is read more

Choice of Site for Hydro-electric Power Plant

arjun — Tue, 23 Sep 2008 18:21:20 +0000

Some point that should be given importance while selecting a site for Hydro-electric power stationis given below. 1) Availabilty of Water Since the primary requirement for a hydro electric power station ,is the availability of huge amount of water such plants should be built at a place(eg.river,canal)where adequate water is available at a good head. 2) Storage of Water There are wide variations in water supply from a river or canal during the year.This makes its necessary to store water by constructing a dam inorder to ensure the generation of power through out the year.The storage helps in equalising the flow of water so that any excess quantity of water at a certain period of the year can be made available during times of very low flow in the river.This leads to the conclusion that read more

Schematic Arrangement of Hydro-electric Power Plant

arjun — Tue, 23 Sep 2008 17:52:32 +0000

Although the hydro-electric power station does the purpose of converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy it requires much arrangements for proper working and efficiency.The schematic arrangement of a modern hydro-electric plant is shown below. The dam is constructed across a river,lake or any other water body.Water from the catchment area collects at the back of the dam to form reservoir.A pressure tunnel is taken off from the reservoir and water brought to valve house at the start of penstock.The valve house contains main sluice valves and automatic isolating valves.The former controls the water flow to the power house and the latter cuts off the water supply when the penstock bursts.from the valve house,water is taken to water turbine through a huge steel pipe known as read more